Olvasás (Reading) teszt
Eredmények
Helyes válaszok száma: 24 . Összes kérdés: 36
Az időd: 00:30:23
Elért pontszám: 30 Elérhető maximum: 43 (Helyes 69.77%)
1. Kérdés
You are advised to spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14 which refer to Reading Passage I belowA different taste a things of comeThe French are turning their noses up at wine and rejecting their croissant in favour of breakfast cereal, the English are turning from tea to mineral water and the Spanish are turning to pizza at an alarming rate. In short, we are beginning to see the evolution of the Euro consumer That seems to be the message from research conducted by Europanel, an association of research companies across 23 countries which monitor buying patterns using consumer panels.Social and demographic factors and the marketing strategies of multinational food and drink companies are combining to make the lifestyles of different European nations more alike Thi main demographic factors leading to this increasing uniformity across the continent are falling birth rates and easier divorce. according to one member of Europanel He said ‘The result is smaller households, which rely more on things such as microwaves and convenience foods, whatever the nationality’Even the French, who are proud of their cuisine, are turning to the microwave Latest Europanel figures show that 38% of French kitchens house a microwave, just under the figure of -10′!., in western Germany In Britain the figure is 57% Tlu French are also becoming less French as they continue- to shy away from wine Wine consumption in France fell by an average of 6% .a year between 1986 and 1992 By contrast, the British are drinking more A key demographic factor is average household size, measured by the number of adult residents Already the spread between nations is quite narrow Western Germany has the lowest figure in western Europe at 2 2 adults, and Spam the highest at 3 2, followed by Italy at 2 8 The gap will narrow still further because, surprisingly enough, the birth rates in Catholic countries such as Spain and Italy are fallingAnother factor is the rise of the one-person household, frequently misinterpreted to mean harbouring an unmarried or divorced man or woman living alone Statistically, one-person households include single-parent households, the numbers of which are shooting up The phenomenon is growing Forty per cent of Swedish homes are now one-person households, compared with 29% ten years earlier In western Germany the figure is 35% (30% ten years ago), in the Netherlands 29% (16%), and in Ireland 21% (17%)In Spam, the one-adult household was so rare a decade ago it did not register statistically, now the figure is 10% Hence the growth in demand for convenience foods In Spain, the annual grow th rate for pizza sales between 1986 and 1992 was 34% while growth last year slowed a little to 16% Other factors affect consumer habits For instance. Piper says that the wider prevalence of central heating in chilly Britain is the chief cause of the decline in the popularity not just of tea, but of all hot drinks Another major factor is aggressive multinational marketing After all, the French cannot indulge a craving for sliced bread if all that is on offer is a baguette The products have to be on the supermarket shelves In fact, there have to be supermarket shelves There must be enough space to put new choices on offer Once a major manufacturer has won a dominant share in a mature market, it will look abroad for pastures new Breakfast cereals are one such product With growth opportunities in the mature British market slowing, manufacturers crossed the Channel As .1 result, cereal sales in France grew by 18% a year between 1986 and 1992, and continued lo grow by 10% last year. Similarly, tomato ketchup sales have boomed in such unlikely places as Spain and France, with growth rates of 28% and 18% respectively. How far the process will go is anybody’s guess.Increased choice is all very well, but the prospect of every kitchen in Europe serving up milk-sodden cereal in the morning and microwaved pizza in the evening is surely a depressing one.Complete the following statements with not more than FOUR WORDS TAKEN FROM THE TEXT. An example has been done for you.Example: The association responsible for the research in this passage is
known as …
Answer: EuropanelThe eating habits of some European nations are becoming less diverse
because of two groups of factors, namelyHelyes válasz2. Kérdés
…and..Helyes válasz3. Kérdés
Until recently, it was wrongly believed that the one-person household consisted of…Helytelen4. Kérdés
As soon as it has become successful in an established market, a large company…Helytelen5. Kérdés
Below are listed some of the lifestyle changes affecting various European nations. Match each change with the country in which it is said to occur. There are more countries than you need but you may use some countries more than once.Example: eating more pizzaAnswer: Spaineating more cerealsHelyes válasz6. Kérdés
drinking less wineHelyes válasz7. Kérdés
using more central heatingHelyes válasz8. Kérdés
drinking less teaHelyes válasz9. Kérdés
having fewer childrenHelytelen10. Kérdés
Which of the following changes are the result of smaller households according to
the reading passage?increased use of microwavesHelyes válasz11. Kérdés
increasing popularity of breakfast cerealsHelytelen12. Kérdés
decrease in popularity of hot drinksHelyes válasz13. Kérdés
increased demand for convenience foodsHelyes válasz14. Kérdés
growth in sales of tomato ketchupHelyes válasz15. Kérdés
Yon are advised to spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15-21 which refer to Reading Passage 2 belowFire TestsMost fires start in a building’s contents, not its structure Understanding how fire grows indoors — in enclosed spaces — is the first step in limiting its potential for death and destruction Fire tests have been around for years, and most building codes make reference to them Some, however, are obsolete, in the sense that they can’t accommodate a growing number of new materials in new configurations Nor can they rank items in order of flammability What is needed are graded tests that attach numbers to the degree of flammabihty These numbers could then be plugged into suitable computer models The computer could work out the total flammability of an item, depending on what it’s made of, how it’s put together, and where it’s placed.Computer models are becoming important in fire research Scientists are hoping that one day, with enough data and sufficiently powerful computers, they will be able to calculate, without actually setting fire to anything, the way a fire will spread in any given building.A fire indoors is a very different animal from one outdoors When you put a match to your incinerator, the flames build up steadily Most of the heat is lost to the atmosphere, so you have no trouble staying close by.Inside a room, it obeys different and more complex physics, and the danger quietly multiplies First, instead of a match, imagine a cigarette dropped into the back of a lounge chair Cigarettes, you should know, are among the major causes of fires in houses A carelessly Jiscarded cigarette can stay alight in a oncealed crevice for as long as 45 minutes rhen, after smouldering away, the chair’s upholstery suddenly ignites Within perhaps 30 seconds, smoke, combustion gases, and heat ^egm curling upwards, and before 1 minute las passed, they have started building up in a rapped layer under the ceiling.As the chair continues to burn the layer gets hotter and thicker, and after 2 minutes it starts radiating heat back down to the chair and other furniture in the room After 3 minutes or so the trapped heat can become so intense that we see ‘flash-over’— everything in the room, including combustible gases, has reached ignition point and bursts into flame.Experiments have shown that some polyurethane armchairs can, 5 minutes after ignition, give out 1-2 megawatts of heat That’s no more than a lively incinerator produces, but when it’s confined in a room it can easily induce flash-over After flash-over anybody still in the room would be dead People rarely appreciate how quickly a small fire indoors can turn into a deadly inferno They waste time going to the laundry to get a bucket of water instead of making sure everybody else is out of the house By the time they get back, the fire will almost certainly be out of control Billowing clouds of smoke and toxic gases quickly spill through doorways and along halls, enveloping and incapacitating sleeping occupants in the rest of the house.You can appreciate that modelling the entire course of an indoor fire on a computer is a daunting task The program needs to consider the flaming combustion zone, the rising thermal plume above it, the hot gas layer beneath the ceiling, and ventilation Turbulence of air is \ cry difficult to model because large eddies can grow from features as small as 0 1 mm acrossNevertheless, fire researchers overseas have simplified models to study aspects of fire behaviour in homes, hospitals, aircraft, tunnels, stadiums, shopping malls and airports For example, the Fire Research Station in Britain has spent 7 years developing ‘Jasmine’, which can show how air circulates into a burning building and how the smoke layer deepens with time.In the United States, the National Bureau of Standards has developed ASET, which calculates ‘available safe egress lime’. This fire- growth model requires figures for rates of mass loss, smoke release, production of toxic gases, and heat build-up. Most existing tests, as we have noted, fail to provide the necessary data. They will need to be modified, or a whole new generation of tests devised.Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the reading passage and write T for true or F for false in the spaces numbered 15-18 on the answer sheet.Some older fire tests only show how a fire starts in a building’s structure.Helytelen16. Kérdés
A computer would be able to grade the flammability of an item.Helytelen17. Kérdés
Flash-over can best be prevented with a bucket of water.Helyes válasz18. Kérdés
An adequate computer program for predicting the effects of a fire is not
easy to set up.Helyes válasz19. Kérdés
Below is a list of the stages in the build-up of an indoor fire caused by a cigarette dropped down the back of an upholstered chair. Decide where each stage fits in the following table according to the time when it occurs and write the appropriate letters A-H in the spaces numbered 19-25 on the answer sheet.Up to 1 min. after ignition:Helytelen20. Kérdés
2 mins.Helytelen21. Kérdés
3 mins and afterHelytelen22. Kérdés
Write ONE model for observing fire behaviour that have been developed overseasHelytelen23. Kérdés
Write THE OTHER ONE model for observing fire behaviour that have been developed overseasHelytelen24. Kérdés
When airline pilot Percy Trezise began to explore the rock art galleries of Cape York peninsula in the early 1960s— a hobby that was to obsess him for the next 30 years — the consensus of academic opinion was that Australia had been peopled for less than 10,000 years. Stone tools found in Kakadu have now been dated to at least 50,000 years, and camp sites as diverse as lake Mungo in the VVillandra lakes region of NSW and WA’s upper Swan River have yielded tools charcoal radiocarbon-dated to between 38,000 and 45,000 years. More than a dozen other sites date to more than 30,000 years — indisputable evidence, says archaeologist Josephine Flood, of the great antiquity of Aboriginal culture. Thirty years ago, the first Australians were still thought of as a backward race. Trezise recalls in his book Orcani Koni/. that there was much sage discussion o i whether they were even capable of abstract II ought. Since then, reawakened interest in an 1 growing knowledge of Australia’s Aboriginal h ritage has demonstrated that this is a complex. m bile and rich culture.I he closer we look al Australian prehistory, the more H umlinues to confound our assumptions. Until recently, the authoritative view was that the population of Australia at the time of the arrival of Europeans in 1788 was probably somewhere between 250,000 and 500,000. But the discovery, beginning two years ago, of a vast Aboriginal graveyard at Lake Victoria near the confluence of the Murray and Darling rivers has thrown even this into doubt. At least 10,000 skeletons are buried in sands of Lake Victoria, ” possibly as many as 40,000. Researchers are wondering if they have stumbled on the Demographic hub of an infinitely more populous prehistoric Australia than was ever previously supposed, at the crossroads of two of its greatest river highways. Archaeologist Dr Colin Pardoe of the SA museum says the idea of 300,000 or so people in Australia before white settlement must be radically re-evaluated. ‘I believe that we should be thinking 10 times that’, he told science writer Julian Cribb recently. As Cribb noted, this would be a greater population than pre-Roman Britain’s.Though Aborigines might see themselves as indigenous (in the sense, as Josephine Flood explains, that they have no race history not associated with this continent) there is no doubt that they were in fact Australia’s first migrants. Their springboard was provided by the last ice age, or Pleistocene period, which lasted between two million and 10,000 years ago. So much water was locked up on land that the ocean level dropped perhaps 150 m. There was never a complete land bridge to south-east Asia, but Arnhem Land was linked to Papua New Guinea for most of the past 100,000 years, says Flood, and this would have been one of the easiest routes for ice-age immigrants moving south. What is certain, says Flood in her excellent book The Riches Of Ancient Australia, is that once here, the first Australians spread rapidly. The inland would have been dry, but considerably more hospitable than it is today. The inland salt pans were then fresh- water lakes teeming with fish, and the country was much greener.Below is a summary of Reading Passage 3. Complete the summary by choosing ONE suitable word from the list below. Write your answers in the spaces numbered 24-33 on the answer sheet. Note that there are more words than you need.
24.Helyes válasz25. Kérdés
25.Helyes válasz26. Kérdés
26.Helyes válasz27. Kérdés
27.Helyes válasz28. Kérdés
28.Helytelen29. Kérdés
29.Helyes válasz30. Kérdés
30.Helyes válasz31. Kérdés
31.Helyes válasz32. Kérdés
32.Helyes válasz33. Kérdés
33.Helyes válasz34. Kérdés
The table below sets out information from the passage in three categories: former beliefs about Aboriginal Australia, recent changes to these beliefs, and the
evidence for these changes. Sort the items of information below the table into their appropriate categories. Write the letters A-E next to the numbers 38-42 on the answer sheet.Former beliefsHelyes válasz35. Kérdés
Recent changesHelyes válasz36. Kérdés
Evidence for changesHelyes válasz
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